[Python] Identify the montiors and show some text or image in windows

I am working on a project where I have to detect all the monitors connected to the system and show some text or image on the specific monitor of the choice. Even the monitor/display is in duplicate screen mode.

So, first I tried to go through the winapi and cpanel lib in Python and prepare the following code to detect the display in both duplicate and extended screen mode.

I am using a Windows 11 OS.

import ctypes

class RECT(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
('left', ctypes.c_ulong),
('top', ctypes.c_ulong),
('right', ctypes.c_ulong),
('bottom', ctypes.c_ulong)
]

def dump(self):
return map(int, (self.left, self.top, self.right, self.bottom))

# Define POINTL structure
class POINTL(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("x", ctypes.c_long),
("y", ctypes.c_long),
]


# Enumerate monitors
def enumerate_monitors():
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32

# Get number of display settings
num_settings = 0
while True:
dev_mode = DEVMODEW()
dev_mode.dmSize = ctypes.sizeof(dev_mode)
if not user32.EnumDisplaySettingsW(ctypes.c_void_p(), num_settings, ctypes.byref(dev_mode)):
break
num_settings += 1

# Get monitor handle
h_monitor = user32.MonitorFromHandle(ctypes.c_void_p())

# Get monitor rectangle
rect = ctypes.POINTER(RECT)
user32.GetMonitorInfoA(h_monitor, ctypes.byref(rect))

yield h_monitor, rect


# Define DEVMODEW structure
class DEVMODEW(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("dmDeviceName", ctypes.c_wchar * 32),
("dmSpecVersion", ctypes.c_ushort),
("dmDriverVersion", ctypes.c_ushort),
("dmSize", ctypes.c_ushort),
("dmDriverExtra", ctypes.c_ushort),
("dmFields", ctypes.c_dword),
("dmPosition", POINTL),
("dmDisplayOrientation", ctypes.c_int),
("dmDisplayFixedOutput", ctypes.c_int),
("dmColor", ctypes.c_int),
("dmDuplex", ctypes.c_int),
("dmYResolution", ctypes.c_int),
("dmTTOption", ctypes.c_int),
("dmCollate", ctypes.c_int),
("dmFormName", ctypes.c_wchar * 32),
("dmLogPixels", ctypes.c_int),
("dmBitsPerPel", ctypes.c_int),
("dmPelsWidth", ctypes.c_int),
("dmPelsHeight", ctypes.c_int),
("dmDisplayFlags", ctypes.c_int),
("dmNup", ctypes.c_int),
("dmDisplayFrequency", ctypes.c_int),
("dmICMMethod", ctypes.c_int),
("dmICMIntent", ctypes.c_int),
("dmMediaType", ctypes.c_int),
("dmDitherType", ctypes.c_int),
("dmReserved1", ctypes.c_int),
("dmReserved2", ctypes.c_int),
("dmPannableWidth", ctypes.c_int),
("dmPannableHeight", ctypes.c_int),
("dmReserved3", ctypes.c_int),
("dmReserved4", ctypes.c_int),
]

# Display text on a specific monitor
def display_text_on_monitor(h_monitor, text):
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32

# Create a window on the specified monitor
hwnd = user32.CreateWindowExW(
0,
"STATIC",
text,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
h_monitor,
ctypes.c_void_p(),
ctypes.c_void_p(),
ctypes.c_void_p(),
)

# Show window
user32.ShowWindow(hwnd, 5)


# Handle duplicate monitors
def handle_duplicate_monitors():
i = 1
for h_monitor, rect in enumerate_monitors():
print(f"Monitor {i}:")
print(f" Handle: {h_monitor}")
print(f" Rectangle: {rect}")
display_text_on_monitor(h_monitor, f"Hello, Monitor {i}!")
i += 1


# Usage
handle_duplicate_monitors()


I can able to detact the monitor with winapi or cpanel but it will only detact one monitor if the multimonior setup is on duplicate display mode.

So, I tried different method but there is no luck.

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