I have a data frame with a hierarchical index in axis 1 (columns) (from a groupby.agg operation): USAF WBAN year month day s_PC s_CL s_CD s_CNT tempf sum sum sum sum amax amin 0 702730 26451 1993 1 1 1 0 12 13 30.92 24.98 1 702730 26451 1993 1 2 0 0 13 13 32.00 24.98 2 702730 26451 1993 1 3 1 10 2 13 23.00 6.98 3 702730 26451 1993 1 4 1 0 12 13 10.04 3.92 4 702730 26451 1993 1 5 3 0 10 13 19.94 10.94 I want to flatten it, so that it looks like this (names aren't critical - I could rename): USAF WBAN year month day s_PC s_CL s_CD s_CNT tempf_amax tmpf_amin 0 702730 26451 1993 1 1 1 0 12 13 30.92 24.98 1 702730 26451 1993 1 2 0 0 13 13 32.00 24.98 2 702730 26451 1993 1 3 1 10 2 13 23.00 6.98 3 702730 26451 1993 1 4 1 0 12 13 10.04 3.92 4 702730 26451 1993 1 5 3 0 10 13 19.94 10.94 How do I do this? (I've tried a lot, to no avail.) Per a suggestion, here is the head in dict form {('USAF', ''): {0: '702730', 1: '702730', 2: '702730', 3: '702730', 4: '702730'}, ('WBAN', ''): {0: '26451', 1: '26451', 2: '26451', 3: '26451', 4: '26451'}, ('day', ''): {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: 5}, ('month', ''): {0: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1}, ('s_CD', 'sum'): {0: 12.0, 1: 13.0, 2: 2.0, 3: 12.0, 4: 10.0}, ('s_CL', 'sum'): {0: 0.0, 1: 0.0, 2: 10.0, 3: 0.0, 4: 0.0}, ('s_CNT', 'sum'): {0: 13.0, 1: 13.0, 2: 13.0, 3: 13.0, 4: 13.0}, ('s_PC', 'sum'): {0: 1.0, 1: 0.0, 2: 1.0, 3: 1.0, 4: 3.0}, ('tempf', 'amax'): {0: 30.920000000000002, 1: 32.0, 2: 23.0, 3: 10.039999999999999, 4: 19.939999999999998}, ('tempf', 'amin'): {0: 24.98, 1: 24.98, 2: 6.9799999999999969, 3: 3.9199999999999982, 4: 10.940000000000001}, ('year', ''): {0: 1993, 1: 1993, 2: 1993, 3: 1993, 4: 1993}} Continue reading...